Exterior and interior view of the Habitat (HAB):
Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) with separable Command Module:
Mars Exploration Rover:
Environment concept artist Andrey Maximov from Armenia has created an impressive set of artworks called Martian sketches depicting a "routine" journey to Mars in 2089. He has just published another 5 pages of those sketches (currently 40 in total). As the artist describes them: "this series is kind of like the road sketches of a member of an expedition to Mars. It's a routine flight in the not-too-distant future. The planet is more or less inhabited. We have an orbital station around Mars. There are already several settlements on the surface, mining is going on."
Mars cycler is a specialized orbital trajectory designed to shuttle spacecraft between Earth and Mars on a regular, repeating schedule. First proposed by astronaut Buzz Aldrin in the mid-1980s, a cycler orbit intersects both planets’ paths repeatedly, allowing a dedicated transport vehicle - the "cycler" - to swing by Earth, pick up crew or cargo, then cruise through interplanetary space before encountering Mars again. Because the cycler itself never needs to slow down or perform large propulsive maneuvers to match planetary velocities, only small “taxi” vehicles are required to ferry astronauts between the cycler and each planet. This minimizes the delta‑V (fuel) requirements for the main habitat, making long-term habitation modules, radiation shelters, or artificial‑gravity setups more economical and sustainable across multiple missions.
From 2017 onward, SpaceX steadily refined their vision for the 1st human colony on Mars - from the debut of early visuals of an ambitious Mars City during the BFR (Big Falcon Rocket) unveiling, to increasingly detailed illustrations by 2019 showcasing the gleaming stainless‑steel Starship touching down and launching from this base. The 2022 update introduced animations emphasizing mission sequence - transports arriving, crewed modules landing, and a functioning spaceport. By April 2024, the concept had matured into a recognizable, modular Mars habitat design centered around a robust Starship fleet. Finally, in May 2025, the latest rendering unveiled a full-fledged Martian city with partially underground habitats to shield against radiation and Tesla Optimus robots constructing the city, marking the culmination of conceptual evolution from isolated landing pads to a thriving, self‑sustaining urban landscape on Mars.
On May 29th at Starbase, Texas SpaceX CEO and lead designer Elon Musk provided an update of SpaceX's Starship Mars architecture "The Road to Making Life Multiplanetary". Here are slides from his presentation.