From 2017 onward, SpaceX steadily refined their vision for the 1st human colony on Mars - from the debut of early visuals of an ambitious Mars City during the BFR (Big Falcon Rocket) unveiling, to increasingly detailed illustrations by 2019 showcasing the gleaming stainless‑steel Starship touching down and launching from this base. The 2022 update introduced animations emphasizing mission sequence - transports arriving, crewed modules landing, and a functioning spaceport. By April 2024, the concept had matured into a recognizable, modular Mars habitat design centered around a robust Starship fleet. Finally, in May 2025, the latest rendering unveiled a full-fledged Martian city with partially underground habitats to shield against radiation and Tesla Optimus robots constructing the city, marking the culmination of conceptual evolution from isolated landing pads to a thriving, self‑sustaining urban landscape on Mars.
September 2017
On September 29, 2017, Elon Musk provided 2nd annual presentation of the Starship architecture (then called BFR or Big Falcon Rocket). During the presentation titled "Making life multiplanetary" first official SpaceX visualizations for a Mars City were provided:
March 2019
On March 22, 2019, Elon Musk visited Doyle Ryder Elementary school in Flint, Michigan and demonstrated a new video of SpaceX's Starship landing at Mars Base Alpha:
April 2019
On April 29, 2019, Elon Musk posted on his Twitter profile a new version of the earlier render with updated Starship design - the famous three-legged retrofuturistic stainless steel Starship:
September 2019
Starship launching from Mars Base Alpha, as it was presented on September 28, 2019, during the 4th annual update of the Starship architecture:
February 2022
On February 10, 2022, Elon Musk provided another update of SpaceX's Starship architecture which contained an animation of Starship's mission to Mars with a landing at Mars Base Alpha in the end:
April 2024
Mars Base Alpha, as it was presented on April 4, 2024, during an unannounced update of Starship's architecture by Elon Musk:
May 2025
SpaceX's latest vision for a City on Mars, as it was presented on May 29, 2025, during Elon Musk's latest update of SpaceX's Starship Mars architecture "The Road to Making Life Multiplanetary":
Tesla's Optimus robo-construction workers:
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