Cislunar Economy
SpaceX describes the Moon and surrounding space as the first practical layer of this economy. Key activities explicitly referenced or implied include:
- Cargo and passenger transportation: Regular Starship flights to the lunar surface, initially in support of NASA’s Artemis program, evolving into commercial cargo delivery and crew rotation.
- Space tourism: High-end lunar orbital and surface missions for private customers.
- Lunar bases and infrastructure: Establishment of permanent outposts serving as resource extraction sites, propellant depots, and potential spaceports. The filing positions the Moon as a critical “stepping stone” for deeper space operations, enabling in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) such as oxygen and water production from lunar ice.
- Orbital services: The S-1 highlights growing demand for satellite deployment, maintenance, and space-based manufacturing in Earth orbit and cislunar space.
Martian Economy
Mars is described as the ultimate destination and the centerpiece of SpaceX’s multiplanetary vision. The filing outlines an ambitious Martian economy built on:
- Cargo and passenger transportation: Large-scale Starship fleets capable of carrying hundreds of people and thousands of tons of cargo per synodic window, enabling sustained settlement.
- Mars bases and self-sustaining colonies: Permanent human settlements that evolve into cities, with explicit references to energy production (solar and nuclear), manufacturing capabilities, and interplanetary industrialization on the Martian surface.
- Resource utilization and expansion: In-situ production of fuel, oxygen, water, and construction materials from Martian regolith and ice, reducing Earth dependency over time.
- Broader interplanetary activities: While not listed in detail, the S-1 alludes to future markets including asteroid mining support (as part of deeper-space logistics) and the general industrialization of Mars as humanity’s “backup” civilization.
NASA 
